A university person lives between three and five years more than another with primary education

A university person lives between three and five years more than another with primary education

La esperanza de vida en un país está condicionada por la alimentación, los servicios sanitarios y la educación. Sin embargo, hasta ahora en España no se habían cruzado de forma simultánea y en todo el territorio los datos de mortalidad, calidad de la salud y nivel formativo. Lo ha hecho por primera vez la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona con datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística de 2017 a 2019. En el artículo Vivir menos y con peor salud: el peaje de la población menos instruida de España, Amand Blanes y Sergi Trias-Llimós, del Centro de Estudios Demográficos (CED), calculan que a los 30 años un varón con estudios superiores tiene una esperanza de vida de cinco años más que uno con formación primaria: 83,5 años frente a 78,4. En el caso de las mujeres, la desigualdad se acorta a poco más de tres años. A los 30 años, una mujer con título universitario puede aspirar a vivir hasta los 88 años, frente a los 84,9 de las poco formadas. A más años de vida, las desigualdades se atenúan.Una persona universitaria vive entre tres y cinco años más que otra con educación primaria Una persona universitaria vive entre tres y cinco años más que otra con educación primaria

As you have more instruction, says the article of the CED magazine that has been published this Monday, the unevenness between men and women won by having both sexes more similar behaviors - regarding tobacco, alcohol, food, concern for healthand use of health resources - although they always live more than half.Trias-Llimós explains that the 30 years are taken as a reference because in the youth the behaviors are acquired, the groups of friends are created and, of all socio-economic indicators (income, occupation, training or inherited wealth), the educational is the mostrobust.

The epidemiologist Manuel Franco, who studies health inequalities from the University of Alcalá (Madrid), highlights the importance of the educational level against rent: “A milleurist with two masters will have a behavior towards individual and collective health better thanA delicious narco.Education cushions the difference in money ".

The authors of the study speak of a triple penalty in health for education received.Those who have lower training not only live less, but do it in worse conditions.In Spain, mortality due to avoidable causes ―Tabaco, alcohol, suicides, traffic accidents or cardiovascular diseases - represented from 2017 to 2019 about 65% of deaths between people from 30 to 74 years old, but with large differences in stripesAge by sex.

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Una persona universitaria vive entre tres y cinco años más que otra con educación primaria

Among the population aged 30 to 49.They suffer lung cancer, cirrhosis and ischemic diseases (obstruction of the arteries) due to bad habits;They, cardiovascular problems.In both sexes, deaths from traffic accidents increase.

In the strip of 50 to 74 years, inequalities in deaths due to avoidable causes, duplicating in their case and multiplying by 1.5."University women were the first to smoking and penalizes them," recalls Trias-Llimós.It was the generation that began to work, use contraceptives and change habits.The two sexes suffer in this age group cerebrovascular ischemic diseases and colorectal cancer;They also suffer lung and liver cancer, and they.

Perception of well -being

Researchers distinguish a third penalty in health by education, which is related to the perception that each one has of their well -being.Franco explains that in all western societies, they consider that they enjoy less well -being than them.“Having more life expectancy, women also suffer more diseases and also have less money than men.And then there is the burden of feminism: the care of children, of the elderly, of friends...While men spend more free time, enjoying socially and taking care of themselves ".

It is decisive what experts call literacy in health.Trias-Llimós explains it: "The instructed pay more attention to health recommendations, they are more willing to submit to tests-with an analysis or a mammogram-and better understand the indications of the doctor, they continue a treatment better".Doctors ask more, they have greater reading comprehension and in doubt they consult the doctors more.

Education mediates everything.Franco sets the example of junk food, which has analyzed in a European study.On a radius of 400 meters around a school in a disadvantaged neighborhood there are a hundred sites where the school can buy chucheías, pastries and sugary drinks, while in a rich area there are only four (on average 17 stores are counted.) It is a sample of the obvious correlation between education, fast food, obesity and its derived problems (cholesterol, diabetes, heart failure or high voltage).

UNICEF develops activities in Spanish schools to promote health education.“It is not enough that we make sure of the nutrition of children, we carry their vaccine calendar or encourage them to move: our main work consists of passing the witness so that, as they grow, they can take care of them alone.We have to lay the foundations for your right to choose a healthy life, ”says the organization.And what should the administration do?Trias-Llimós is clear long-term measures: "Campaigns are needed among young people to discourage drug or alcohol use".Franco, who collaborates with the researcher, is very skeptical: “There was a very famous campaign against drugs in the United States in which professors and police collaborated, and it was found that after the boys consumed more.What you have to give is all the information, be transparent, and many leisure alternatives to young people ”.

The data analyzed by the CED belongs to the 2017-2019 period and the pandemic has only widen inequalities.The COVID-19 has been primed among workers with little training that were forced to leave and had no space in their home to isolate themselves in case of infection, which is a new penalty.

The two faces of the United States

In the United States, a man without resources at 40 has a life expectancy 15 years younger than that of a wealthy.The difference is 10 years in the case of women.The country is divided between those that can be paid private health insurance and those that do not.The place of residence is also decisive.If you live in Detroit, life expectancy is six years younger than in New York.These regional differences disappear between the rich.Tobacco, exercise and obesity are key, but also in the big cities the most educated people are concentrated with healthier lifestyle and administrations invest more in health.

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